الإبدالات الصوتية في مباني الأفعال العربية

Abstract

Phonetic substitutions in the constructions of Arabic verbs

I will address the topic in two levels First level: I will deal with vocal kinetic transpositions The second level will be the literal substitution mode, Before all these levels, I will make a preface whose topic is conceptual approximation. Substitution: language is the change of a sound, whether it is a movement or a letter in another place, or it is the substitute for another, and substitution, substitution and substitute are all synonymous

In this intervention, the focus will be on (vocal kinetic and literal substitutions in verb buildings) and to show the functions of linguistic sounds and the music of the Arabic word in its harmony and familiarity with other words, whether single or compound, that is, everything that falls within the grammatical and morphological framework. 1- Linguistic sound: The ancient Arabs dealt with the linguistic sound with a difference in the term, some of them called it the letter, and some of them said the sound, and some of them made the two terms synonymous. In this regard, Ibn Jinni said: “The sound is a projection that comes out with the soul as a continuous rectangle until the throat, mouth and lips are shown to it in second parts of its extension and elongation, so the section is called wherever a letter is presented to it.” The search in such a topic leads us to research in several problems, including: the kinetic substitution in the past and present tense, that is, in the changes of the verb in the morphological process, then the change that follows the sounds of the word, within a morphological system, whether in consonants or vowels, and then searching in the substitutions that occur Between them when conjugating the triple verb and then the effect of substitution in the derivational formulas. 1- vocal shifts: Types of phonetic substitutions in the Arabic language.

There are many types of substitutions in the Arabic language. The subject, and what came in the noun of the object, and what came in the name of the machine, and what happened in the name of the place. I will focus on the motor substitution level on the following: A - The level of the kinetic system in the verb: because the movements are of great importance in the morphological level, they play a major role in distinguishing between the meanings of the buildings whose consonants coincide. B- Characteristics of the three movements in the Arabic language: Each movement has a specific meaning and meaning that is specific to it in the essence of the verb, so the fatha is a sign of the action of the subject with his will, real or metaphorical, such as: cut, ate and went out, while the kasrah symbolizes the effect that occurs to the subject from the outside world without his will, such as disease, sadness and knowledge, and the damma is a guide Isnad, grouping, and permanence are like good, big and small. C- Conjugations of the triple verb and the kinetic substitution pathways: We will focus on the kinetic substitution at the level of the verb eye in the past and present, since the action of the command is the same movement of the eye of the present. We will represent the famous kinetic substitutions in the abstract triple verb D - the distribution of movements in the eye of the triple act of the abstract The conjugation of an abstract triple verb from the past to the present is subject to a morphological process, which includes two types of verbs; Verbs that are subject to kinetic alternations, so we find that the fatha is replaced sometimes with the damma in “books / writes”, and sometimes with the kasra in “hit / hits”, and the kasra is replaced with the fatha in “heard / hear”, and other verbs that are not subject to this replacement, the replacement is as follows:

Linguists have put many definitions of derivation as an important linguistic phenomenon that contributes to the generation of formulas and meanings, and given the importance of this phenomenon, they became passionate about it and expanded their study and handling of investigation, research and analysis, believing that it is the important means that provides them with all the words they need to keep pace with the developments of cultural and social life. Expanding the derivation of words and the ways of generating them in any language is the result of a need determined by circumstances and affected by the environment to a large extent. Two types of derivation can be included under this topic: Morphological derivation: It is what the two words are united in letters and arrangement and is based on the seven derivatives or the so-called derivational formulas such as the subject noun and the noun of the object ... Its basis is the morphological lesson and it is also called the minor derivation towards books / writer / written / book Linguistic derivation: which is when the two words are not completely united in terms of letters and their arrangement, and the basis of the linguistic study is It is worth noting that one of the problems faced by linguists is the problem of literal substitutions and their linguistic connotations, even if the derivation helps to dispense with the introduction of some foreign or Arabized words. The word skill indicates skill in a thing, and the word skill is derived from the same word by adding a letter and indicates the claim of skill.